Nobel Prizes from 1901
The Nobel Prizes were set up by the final will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, industrialist, and the inventor of dynamite on November 27, 1895 at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, which are awarding to people and organizations who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. The Nobel Prizes are generally awarded annually in the categories as following:
1. Chemistry, decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2. Economics, decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3. Literature, decided by the Swedish Academy
4. Peace, decided by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, appointed by the Norwegian Parliament, Stortinget
5. Physics, decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
6. Physiology or Medicine, decided by Karolinska Institutet
Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the highest prize in the world today. As of November 2005, a total of 776 Nobel Prizes have been awarded, 758 to individuals and 18 to organizations.
1. 1901 - Chemistry, Jacobus H. van 't Hoff 33. Literature, Giosuè Carducci
2. Literature, Sully Prudhomme 34. Medicine, Camillo Golgi
3. Medicine, Emil von Behring 35. Medicine, Santiago Ramón y Cajal
4. Peace, Henry Dunant 36. Peace, Theodore Roosevelt
5. Peace, Frédéric Passy 37. Physics, J.J. Thomson
6. Physics, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 38. 1907 - Chemistry, Eduard Buchner
7. 1902 - Chemistry, Emil Fischer 39. Literature, Rudyard Kipling
8. Literature, Theodor Mommsen 40. Medicine, Alphonse Laveran
9. Medicine, Ronald Ross 41. Peace, Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
10. Peace, Élie Ducommun 42. Peace, Louis Renault
11. Peace, Albert Gobat 43. Physics, Albert A. Michelson
12. Physics, Hendrik A. Lorentz 44. 1908 - Chemistry, Ernest Rutherford
13. Physics, Pieter Zeeman 45. Literature, Rudolf Eucken
14. 1903 - Chemistry, Svante Arrhenius 46. Medicine, Paul Ehrlich
15. Literature, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 47. Medicine, Ilya Mechnikov
16. Medicine, Niels Ryberg Finsen 48. Peace, Klas Pontus Arnoldson
17. Peace, Randal Cremer 49. Peace, Fredrik Bajer
18. Physics, Henri Becquerel 50. Physics, Gabriel Lippmann
19. Physics, Pierre Curie 51. 1909 - Chemistry, Wilhelm Ostwald
20. Physics, Marie Curie 52. Literature, Selma Lagerlöf
21. 1904 - Chemistry, Sir William Ramsay 53. Medicine, Theodor Kocher
22. Literature, José Echegaray 54. Peace, Auguste Beernaert
23. Literature, Frédéric Mistral 55. Peace, Paul Henri d'Estournelles de
24. Medicine, Ivan Pavlov Constant
25. Peace, Institute of International Law 56. Physics, Ferdinand Braun
26. Physics, Lord Rayleigh 57. Physics, Guglielmo Marconi
27. 1905 - Chemistry, Adolf von Baeyer 58. 1910 - Chemistry, Otto Wallach
28. Literature, Henryk Sienkiewicz 59. Literature, Paul Heyse
29. Medicine, Robert Koch 60. Medicine, Albrecht Kossel
30. Peace, Bertha von Suttner
113. |
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114. |
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115. |
Peace, Léon Bourgeois |
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63. 1911 - Chemistry, Marie Curie 116. |
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64. Literature, Maurice Maeterlinck 117. 1921 - Chemistry, Frederick Soddy |
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118. |
Literature, Anatole France |
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66. Peace, Tobias Asser |
119. |
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67. Peace, Alfred Fried |
120. |
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121. |
Peace, Christian Lange |
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69. 1912 - Chemistry, Victor Grignard 122. |
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123. |
1922 - Chemistry, Francis W. Aston |
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124. |
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72. Medicine, Alexis Carrel |
125. |
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73. Peace, Elihu Root |
126. |
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74. Physics, Gustaf Dalén |
127. |
Peace, Fridtjof Nansen |
75. 1913 - Chemistry, Alfred Werner 128. |
Physics, Niels Bohr |
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76. Literature, Rabindranath Tagore 129. 1923 - Chemistry, Fritz Pregl |
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77. Medicine, Charles Richet |
130. |
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78. Peace, Henri La Fontaine |
131. |
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132. |
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80. 1914 - Chemistry, Theodore W. Richards |
133. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
81. Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
134. |
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135. |
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83. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
136. |
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137. |
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85. 1915 - Chemistry, Richard Willstätter |
138. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
139. |
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140. |
1925 - Chemistry, Richard Zsigmondy |
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88. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
141. |
Literature, George Bernard Shaw |
142. |
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90. Physics, Lawrence Bragg |
143. |
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91. 1916 - Chemistry, No Prize was Awarded |
144. |
Peace, Charles G. Dawes |
145. |
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146. |
Physics, Gustav Hertz |
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94. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
147. |
1926 - Chemistry, The Svedberg |
148. |
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96. 1917 - Chemistry, No Prize was Awarded 149. |
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150. |
Peace, Aristide Briand |
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151. |
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152. |
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153. |
1927 - Chemistry, Heinrich Wieland |
Cross 154. Literature, Henri Bergson
101. Physics, Charles Glover Barkla 155. Medicine, Julius Wagner-Jauregg
102. 1918 - Chemistry, Fritz Haber 156. Peace, Ferdinand Buisson
103. Literature, No Prize was Awarded 157. Peace, Ludwig Quidde
104. Medicine, No Prize was Awarded 158. Physics, Arthur H. Compton
105. Peace, No Prize was Awarded 159. Physics, C.T.R. Wilson
106. Physics, Max Planck 160. 1928 - Chemistry, Adolf Windaus
107. 1919 - Chemistry, No Prize was Awarded 161. Literature, Sigrid Undset
108. Literature, Carl Spitteler 162. Medicine, Charles Nicolle
109. Medicine, Jules Bordet 163. Peace, No Prize was Awarded
110. Peace, Woodrow Wilson 164. Physics, Owen Willans Richardson
111. Physics, Johannes Stark 165. 1929 - Chemistry, Arthur Harden
112. 1920 - Chemistry, Walther Nernst 166. Chemistry, Hans von Euler-Chelpin
221. |
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222. |
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223. |
1938 - Chemistry, Richard Kuhn |
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170. Peace, Frank B. Kellogg |
224. |
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225. |
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172. 1930 - Chemistry, Hans Fischer |
226. |
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227. |
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228. |
1939 - Chemistry, Adolf Butenandt |
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229. |
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177. 1931 - Chemistry, Friedrich Bergius |
230. |
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231. |
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232. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
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233. |
Physics, Ernest Lawrence |
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181. Peace, Jane Addams |
234. |
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182. Peace, Nicholas Murray Butler |
235. |
Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
236. |
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184. 1932 - Chemistry, Irving Langmuir |
237. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
238. |
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239. |
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240. |
Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
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188. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
241. |
|
242. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
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190. 1933 - Chemistry, No Prize was Awarded |
243. |
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191. Literature, Ivan Bunin |
244. |
|
245. |
Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
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246. |
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194. Physics, Paul A.M. Dirac |
247. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
248. |
||
196. 1934 - Chemistry, Harold C. Urey |
249. |
1943 - Chemistry, George de Hevesy |
250. |
Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
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251. |
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252. |
Medicine, Edward A. Doisy |
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253. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
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201. Peace, Arthur Henderson |
254. |
|
255. |
1944 - Chemistry, Otto Hahn |
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203. 1935 - Chemistry, Frédéric Joliot |
256. |
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257. |
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205. Literature, No Prize was Awarded |
258. |
Medicine, Herbert S. Gasser |
259. |
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207. Peace, Carl von Ossietzky |
|
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260. |
Physics, Isidor Isaac Rabi |
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209. 1936 - Chemistry, Peter Debye |
261. |
1945 - Chemistry, Artturi Virtanen |
262. |
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263. |
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212. Medicine, Otto Loewi |
264. |
|
265. |
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266. |
Peace, Cordell Hull |
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215. Physics, Victor F. Hess |
267. |
|
216. 1937 - Chemistry, Norman Haworth |
268. |
1946 - Chemistry, John H. Northrop |
269. |
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270. |
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271. |
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220. Peace, Robert Cecil |
272. |
326. |
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274. Peace, John R. Mott |
327. |
|
275. Physics, Percy W. Bridgman 276. 1947 - Chemistry, Sir Robert Robinson |
328.
329. |
Peace, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Physics, Max Born |
278. Medicine, Carl Cori |
330. |
|
279. Medicine, Gerty Cori |
331. |
|
332. |
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281. Peace, Friends Service Council |
333. |
|
334. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
|
335. |
Physics, Polykarp Kusch |
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336. |
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284. 1948 - Chemistry, Arne Tiselius |
337. |
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338. |
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339. |
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287. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
340. |
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341. |
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289. 1949 - Chemistry, William F. Giauque |
342. |
|
343. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
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344. |
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292. Medicine, Egas Moniz |
345. |
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293. Peace, Lord Boyd Orr |
346. |
|
347. |
1957 - Chemistry, Lord Todd |
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295. 1950 - Chemistry, Kurt Alder |
348. |
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349. |
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297. Literature, Bertrand Russell |
350. |
Peace, Lester Bowles Pearson |
351. |
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352. |
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353. |
1958 - Chemistry, Frederick Sanger |
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301. Peace, Ralph Bunche |
354. |
Literature, Boris Pasternak |
355. |
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303. 1951 - Chemistry, Edwin M. McMillan |
356. |
|
357. |
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305. Literature, Pär Lagerkvist |
358. |
Peace, Georges Pire |
359. |
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307. Peace, Léon Jouhaux |
360. |
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361. |
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362. |
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310. 1952 - Chemistry, Archer J.P. Martin |
363. |
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364. |
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365. |
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366. |
Peace, Philip Noel-Baker |
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314. Peace, Albert Schweitzer |
367. |
|
315. Physics, Felix Bloch |
368. |
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316. Physics, E. M. Purcell |
369. |
1960 - Chemistry, Willard F. Libby |
317. 1953 - Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger |
370. |
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371. |
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319. Medicine, Hans Krebs |
372. |
|
373. |
Peace, Albert Lutuli |
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321. Peace, George C. Marshall |
374. |
Physics, Donald A. Glaser |
375. |
1961 - Chemistry, Melvin Calvin |
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323. 1954 - Chemistry, Linus Pauling |
376. |
|
377. |
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378. |
432. |
Physics, Hans Bethe |
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433. |
1968 - Chemistry, Lars Onsager |
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381. 1962 - Chemistry, John C. Kendrew |
434. |
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435. |
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436. |
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384. Medicine, Francis Crick |
437. |
|
438. |
Peace, René Cassin |
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439. |
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387. Peace, Linus Pauling |
440. |
1969 - Chemistry, Derek Barton |
388. Physics, Lev Landau |
441. |
|
389. 1963 - Chemistry, Giulio Natta |
442. |
|
443. |
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391. Literature, Giorgos Seferis |
444. |
|
445. |
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446. |
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447. |
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448. |
Peace, International Labour Organization |
|
449. |
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396. Peace, League of Red Cross Societies |
450. |
1970 - Chemistry, Luis Leloir |
397. Physics, Maria Goeppert-Mayer |
451. |
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398. Physics, J. Hans D. Jensen |
452. |
|
453. |
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400. 1964 - Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
454. |
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401. Literature, Jean-Paul Sartre |
455. |
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456. |
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457. |
Physics, Hannes Alfvén |
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404. Peace, Martin Luther King |
458. |
Physics, Louis Néel |
459. |
1971 - Chemistry, Gerhard Herzberg |
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460. |
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407. Physics, Charles H. Townes |
461. |
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408. 1965 - Chemistry, Robert B. Woodward |
462. |
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463. |
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410. Medicine, François Jacob |
464. |
|
465. |
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466. |
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467. |
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468. |
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469. |
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470. |
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417. 1966 - Chemistry, Robert S. Mulliken |
471. |
|
472. |
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473. |
Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
|
474. |
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475. |
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422. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
476. |
|
477. |
||
424. 1967 - Chemistry, Manfred Eigen |
478. |
|
479. |
||
480. |
||
481. |
||
482. |
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483. |
||
484. |
Peace, Le Duc Tho |
|
431. Peace, No Prize was Awarded |
485. |
Peace, Henry Kissinger |
486. Physics, Leo Esaki |
539. |
Peace, Anwar al-Sadat |
487. Physics, Ivar Giaever |
540. |
|
541. |
||
489. 1974 - Chemistry, Paul J. Flory |
542. |
|
543. |
||
544. |
1979 - Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown |
|
545. |
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546. |
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547. |
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548. |
||
549. |
||
497. Peace, Seán MacBride |
550. |
|
498. Peace, Eisaku Sato |
551. |
Peace, Mother Teresa |
552. |
||
500. Physics, Martin Ryle |
553. |
|
501. 1975 - Chemistry, John Cornforth |
554. |
|
555. |
1980 - Chemistry, Paul Berg |
|
556. |
||
557. |
||
558. |
||
559. |
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560. |
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507. Medicine, Renato Dulbecco |
561. |
Medicine, Jean Dausset |
562. |
||
509. Peace, Andrei Sakharov |
563. |
Peace, Adolfo Pérez Esquivel |
510. Physics, Aage N. Bohr |
564. |
|
565. |
||
566. |
1981 - Chemistry, Kenichi Fukui |
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513. 1976 - Chemistry, William Lipscomb |
567. |
|
568. |
||
569. |
||
570. |
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571. |
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518. Peace, Mairead Corrigan |
572. |
|
573. |
Peace, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
|
574. |
||
522. 1977 - Chemistry, Ilya Prigogine |
575. |
|
576. |
||
577. |
1982 - Chemistry, Aaron Klug |
|
578. |
||
579. |
||
580. |
||
581. |
||
582. |
||
583. |
Peace, Alfonso GarcÃa Robles |
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584. |
Peace, Alva Myrdal |
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585. |
||
533. 1978 - Chemistry, Peter Mitchell |
586. |
1983 - Chemistry, Henry Taube |
587. |
||
535. Literature, Isaac Bashevis Singer |
588. |
|
589. |
Medicine, Barbara McClintock |
|
590. |
||
591. |
645. |
||
593. 1984 - Chemistry, Bruce Merrifield |
646. |
|
647. |
||
648. |
||
596. Medicine, Niels K. Jerne |
649. |
|
650. |
||
651. |
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599. Peace, Desmond Tutu |
652. |
1990 - Chemistry, Elias James Corey |
653. |
||
654. |
||
602. 1985 - Chemistry, Herbert A. Hauptman |
655. |
|
656. |
||
657. |
||
658. |
||
659. |
Peace, Mikhail Gorbachev |
|
660. |
||
661. |
||
662. |
Physics, Richard E. Taylor |
|
609. Physics, Klaus von Klitzing |
663. |
1991 - Chemistry, Richard R. Ernst |
610. 1986 - Chemistry, Dudley R. Herschbach |
664. |
|
665. |
||
666. |
||
667. |
||
668. |
Peace, Aung San Suu Kyi |
|
669. |
||
670. |
1992 - Chemistry, Rudolph A. Marcus |
|
617. Peace, Elie Wiesel |
671. |
|
618. Physics, Gerd Binnig |
672. |
|
619. Physics, Heinrich Rohrer |
673. |
|
620. Physics, Ernst Ruska |
674. |
|
621. 1987 - Chemistry, Donald J. Cram |
675. |
|
676. |
||
677. |
1993 - Chemistry, Kary B. Mullis |
|
678. |
||
679. |
||
680. |
||
627. Peace, Oscar Arias Sánchez |
681. |
|
682. |
||
629. Physics, K. Alex Müller |
683. |
|
630. 1988 - Chemistry, Johann Deisenhofer |
684. |
|
685. |
Peace, Nelson Mandela |
|
686. |
||
687. |
Physics, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. |
|
688. |
1994 - Chemistry, George A. Olah |
|
689. |
||
690. |
||
691. |
||
638. Peace, United Nations Peacekeeping Forces |
692. |
|
693. |
||
694. |
||
641. Physics, Jack Steinberger |
695. |
Peace, Yasser Arafat |
642. 1989 - Chemistry, Sidney Altman |
696. |
|
697. |
Peace, Yitzhak Rabin |
|
698. |
751. |
||
700. 1995 - Chemistry, Paul J. Crutzen |
752. |
|
753. |
Peace, Médecins Sans Frontières |
|
754. |
||
755. |
||
756. |
2000 - Chemistry, Alan Heeger |
|
705. Medicine, Edward B. Lewis |
757. |
|
758. |
||
759. |
||
760. |
||
761. |
Literature, Gao Xingjian |
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709. Peace, Joseph Rotblat |
762. |
Medicine, Arvid Carlsson |
710. Physics, Martin L. Perl |
763. |
Medicine, Paul Greengard |
764. |
Medicine, Eric R. Kandel |
|
712. 1996 - Chemistry, Robert F. Curl Jr. |
765. |
|
766. |
Physics, Zhores I. Alferov |
|
767. |
Physics, Jack S. Kilby |
|
768. |
||
716. Economics, William Vickrey 769. 2001 - Chemistry, William S. Knowles |
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770. |
||
771. |
||
772. |
720. Peace, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo 721. Peace, José Ramos-Horta
723. Physics, Douglas D. Osheroff 724. Physics, Robert C. Richardson 725. 1997 - Chemistry, Paul D. Boyer 726. Chemistry, Jens C. Skou
727. Chemistry, John E. Walker 728. Economics, Robert C. Merton 729. Economics, Myron S. Scholes 730. Literature, Dario Fo
731. Medicine, Stanley B. Prusiner
732. Peace, International Campaign to Ban
773. Economics, A. Michael Spence 774. Economics, Joseph E. Stiglitz 775. Literature, V.S. Naipaul
776. Medicine, Leland H. Hartwell 777. Medicine, Tim Hunt
778. Medicine, Sir Paul Nurse
779. Peace, United Nations
780. Peace, Kofi Annan
781. Physics, Eric A. Cornell
782. Physics, Wolfgang Ketterle
783. Physics, Carl E. Wieman 784. 2002 - Chemistry, John B. Fenn 785. Chemistry, Koichi Tanaka
733. Peace, Jody Williams
734. Physics, Steven Chu
735. Physics, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 736. Physics, William D. Phillips
737. 1998 - Chemistry, Walter Kohn 738. Chemistry, John Pople
740. Literature, José Saramago 741. Medicine, Robert F. Furchgott 742. Medicine, Louis J. Ignarro
744. Peace, John Hume
745. Peace, David Trimble
746. Physics, Robert B. Laughlin 747. Physics, Horst L. Störmer
787. Economics, Daniel Kahneman 788. Economics, Vernon L. Smith 789. Literature, Imre Kertész
790. Medicine, Sydney Brenner 791. Medicine, H. Robert Horvitz 792. Medicine, John E. Sulston
793. Peace, Jimmy Carter
794. Physics, Raymond Davis Jr. 795. Physics, Riccardo Giacconi 796. Physics, Masatoshi Koshiba 797. 2003 - Chemistry, Peter Agre
798. Chemistry, Roderick MacKinnon 799. Economics, Robert F. Engle III 800. Economics, Clive W.J. Granger 801. Literature, J.M. Coetzee
802. Medicine, Paul C. Lauterbur
748. Physics, Daniel C. Tsui 803. Medicine, Sir Peter Mansfield
749. 1999 - Chemistry, Ahmed Zewail 804. Peace, Shirin Ebadi
750. Economics, Robert A. Mundell 805. Physics, Alexei A. Abrikosov
806. Physics, Vitaly L. Ginzburg 17. 1995 - Pugwash Conferences on Science and
807. Physics, Anthony J. Leggett World Affairs
808. 2004 - Chemistry, Aaron Ciechanover 18. 1997 - International Campaign to Ban Landmines
811. Economics, Finn E. Kydland 812. Economics, Edward C. Prescott 813. Literature, Elfriede Jelinek
814. Medicine, Richard Axel
815. Medicine, Linda B. Buck
19. 1999 - Médecins Sans Frontières
20. 2001 - United Nations
21. 2005 - International Atomic Energy Agency
III. Women Prize Winners Chemistry
816. Peace, Wangari Maathai 1. 1911 - Marie Curie
817. Physics, David J. Gross 2. 1935 - Irène Joliot-Curie
818. Physics, H. David Politzer 3. 1964 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 819. Physics, Frank Wilczek
820. 2005 - Chemistry, Yves Chauvin Literature
821. Chemistry, Robert H. Grubbs 822. Chemistry, Richard R. Schrock 823. Economics, Robert J. Aumann 824. Economics, Thomas C. Schelling 825. Literature, Harold Pinter
826. Medicine, Barry J. Marshall 827. Medicine, J. Robin Warren
828. Peace, International Atomic Energy
1. 1909 - Selma Lagerlöf
2. 1926 - Grazia Deledda
3. 1928 - Sigrid Undset
4. 1938 - Pearl Buck
5. 1945 - Gabriela Mistral
6. 1966 - Nelly Sachs
7. 1991 - Nadine Gordimer
8. 1993 - Toni Morrison
Agency 9. 1996 - Wislawa Szymborska
832. Physics, Theodor W. Hänsch 1. 1905 - Bertha von Suttner
2. 1931 - Jane Addams
3. 1946 - Emily Greene Balch
II. Prize Awarded Organizations 4. 1976 - Betty Williams
(All are Peace Prizes)
1. 1904 - Institute of International Law
2. 1910 - Permanent International Peace Bureau
3. 1917 - International Committee of the Red Cross
4. 1938 - Nansen International Office for Refugees
5. 1944 - International Committee of the Red Cross
6. 1947 - Friends Service Council
7. 1947 - American Friends Service Committee
8. 1954 - Office of the United Nations High
5. 1976 - Mairead Corrigan
6. 1979 - Mother Teresa
7. 1982 - Alva Myrdal
8. 1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi
9. 1992 - Rigoberta Menchú Tum
10. 1997 - Jody Williams
11. 2003 - Shirin Ebadi
12. 2004 - Wangari Maathai
Physics
Commissioner for Refugees 1. 1903 - Marie Curie
9. 1963 - International Committee of the Red Cross
10. 1963 - League of Red Cross Societies
2. 1963 - Maria Goeppert-Mayer
11. 1965 - United Nations Children's Fund Physiology or Medicine
12. 1969 - International Labour Organization 1. 1947 - Gerty Cori
13. 1977 - Amnesty International 2. 1977 - Rosalyn Yalow
14. 1981 - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
15. 1985 - International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
3. 1983 - Barbara McClintock
4. 1986 - Rita Levi-Montalcini
5. 1988 - Gertrude B. Elion
6. 1995 - Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
16. 1988 - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 7. 2004 - Linda B. Buck